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SCR for Turbine Exhaust
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SCR Catalyst Application Chart |
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Minimum
Temperature, 0F |
Optimum
Temperature, 0F |
Maximum
Temperature, 0F |
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Vanadia / Titania Catalyst
(Middle Temperature Applications) |
575 note 1 |
600 - 750 |
800 |
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ETZ™ Catalyst
(High Temperature Applications) |
600 |
600 - 1000 |
1075 note 2 |
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Vanadia / Titania Catalyst
(High Temperature Applications) |
600 note 3 |
800 - 850 |
875 note 4 |
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Zeolite Catalyst |
600 note 5 |
675 - 1075 |
1125 |
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1. |
Under 575 0F, NOx conversion efficiency is reduced with increased
NH3 slip. |
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2. |
Above 1000 0F, catalytic efficiency declines.
Selectivity declines: NH3 begins to oxidize to form NOx.
Catalyst does not degrade thermally (can operate up to 1200 0F
without thermal damage). |
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3. |
Below 600 0F, NOx conversion is reduced with increased NH3
slip. |
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4. |
Above 875 0F, catalytic efficiency declines.
Selectivity declines: NH3 begins to oxidize to form NOx.
Catalyst activity decreases with time. |
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5. |
Under 600 0F, NOx conversion efficiency is reduced with increased
NH3 slip |
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ETZ is a registered trademark of the Engelhard Corporation |
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A major factor for selecting a catalyst is the exhaust gas
temperature. Cooling systems can be included to lower the exhaust
temperature, but there are practical limitations on the amount of cooling
that can be added, and the potential failure of the cooling system must be
considered. The design temperature for the catalyst must take into
consideration the highest temperature possible. All turbines produce hotter
exhaust gas with an increase in ambient temperature, and the exhaust
temperature of the turbine may increase as the engine gets older. Turbine
operating temperatures tend to rise with continued operation. Be sure this
is understood before designing an SCR system. If a specification states 850
0F, this must be the highest operating temperature over the life of the
turbine, not just first operation.
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Turbine exhaust ductwork is
typically insulated with ceramic fiber insulation. Fibers tend to spall off
the insulation unless the duct is lined with stainless steel to assure the
fibers don't enter the catalyst. |
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Numerical and physical flow
modeling is performed to achieve uniform distribution profiles at the SCR
catalyst face with regard to NOx concentration, NH3/NOx molar ratio,
velocity and temperature. This is often complicated by physical space
limitations, arrangement limitations and limits to process equipment
modifications. An example cfd model output is shown.
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Among
the criteria for selecting SCR catalyst for turbine exhaust are:
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The average and extreme temperatures of the turbine exhaust from winter to
summer
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Allowable pressure drop (pressure drop is also influenced by the duct
cross section area)
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Moisture content of the gas.
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Inlet NOx level and % conversion required.
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Resistance of the catalyst substrate to thermal shock
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Selectivity of the catalyst.
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Contaminants in the gas ( SO2 , SO3, dust, ash,
soot, etc.)
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Allowable ammonia slip.
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